Surveys radical social thinkers from 20th century revolutions and sociological reflections on 20th century revolutionary theory and practice. Major thinkers and practitioners that may be surveyed include Leon Trotsky, Antonio Gramsci, Mao Zedong, Rosa Luxemburg, Jose Mariategui, Lenin, Amilcar Cabral, and others. May also cover sociological theories of social change and revolution, debates on the causes and consequences of these revolutions, and implications for 21st century processes of social change.